Morse Code Reference
Morse Code Alphabet & Numbers Chart
Master International Morse code with our complete reference chart. Browse Morse code for every English alphabet letter (A–Z), number (0–9), and punctuation sign, copy dot-dash sequences in one tap, and learn ITU timing rules for study or radio.
Alphabet (A–Z)
Numbers (0–9)
Punctuation & Special Signs
Complete International Morse Code Reference Chart
The morse code for alphabet reference (also searched as the morse code alphabet, morse code chart, or alphabet in morse code) provides the definitive, standardized signaling table for radio operators, aviation navigators, amateur radio hobbyists, and emergency signalers worldwide.
Whether you are studying for your amateur radio license, teaching scout troops emergency signaling techniques, or decoding historical telegraph messages, our interactive chart allows you to browse, inspect, and copy dots and dashes for all 26 Latin letters, numbers 0 through 9, and essential punctuation marks.
Letters Alphabet Chart (A–Z)
Below is the standard International Morse Code alphabet governed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R M.1677-1):
| Letter | Morse Code | Phonetic Pronunciation | Timing Structure | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | · — |
di-DAH | 1 dot, 1 dash | Copy |
| B | — · · · |
DAH-di-di-dit | 1 dash, 3 dots | Copy |
| C | — · — · |
DAH-di-DAH-dit | Dash, dot, dash, dot | Copy |
| D | — · · |
DAH-di-dit | 1 dash, 2 dots | Copy |
| E | · |
dit | 1 single dot | Copy |
| F | · · — · |
di-di-DAH-dit | 2 dots, 1 dash, 1 dot | Copy |
| G | — — · |
DAH-DAH-dit | 2 dashes, 1 dot | Copy |
| H | · · · · |
di-di-di-dit | 4 dots | Copy |
| I | · · |
di-dit | 2 dots | Copy |
| J | · — — — |
di-DAH-DAH-DAH | 1 dot, 3 dashes | Copy |
| K | — · — |
DAH-di-DAH | Dash, dot, dash | Copy |
| L | · — · · |
di-DAH-di-dit | Dot, dash, 2 dots | Copy |
| M | — — |
DAH-DAH | 2 dashes | Copy |
| N | — · |
DAH-dit | 1 dash, 1 dot | Copy |
| O | — — — |
DAH-DAH-DAH | 3 dashes | Copy |
| P | · — — · |
di-DAH-DAH-dit | Dot, 2 dashes, dot | Copy |
| Q | — — · — |
DAH-DAH-di-DAH | 2 dashes, dot, dash | Copy |
| R | · — · |
di-DAH-dit | Dot, dash, dot | Copy |
| S | · · · |
di-di-dit | 3 dots | Copy |
| T | — |
DAH | 1 single dash | Copy |
| U | · · — |
di-di-DAH | 2 dots, 1 dash | Copy |
| V | · · · — |
di-di-di-DAH | 3 dots, 1 dash | Copy |
| W | · — — |
di-DAH-DAH | 1 dot, 2 dashes | Copy |
| X | — · · — |
DAH-di-di-DAH | Dash, 2 dots, dash | Copy |
| Y | — · — — |
DAH-di-DAH-DAH | Dash, dot, 2 dashes | Copy |
| Z | — — · · |
DAH-DAH-di-dit | 2 dashes, 2 dots | Copy |
Numbers (0–9) and Punctuation
Numbers in International Morse Code always consist of exactly five elements, progressing systematically from dots to dashes:
- 1:
· — — — — - 2:
· · — — — - 3:
· · · — — - 4:
· · · · — - 5:
· · · · · - 6:
— · · · · - 7:
— — · · · - 8:
— — — · · - 9:
— — — — · - 0:
— — — — —
Essential punctuation marks:
- Period (
.):· — · — · — - Comma (
,):— — · · — — - Question Mark (
?):· · — — · · - Slash (
/):— · · — · - Hyphen (
-):— · · · · —
Proven Memory Strategies for Learning Morse Code
Memorizing 36 alphanumeric sequences can feel daunting if approached in strict alphabetical order. Professional telegraphers and radio operators recommend grouping letters by acoustic rhythm and visual symmetry:
1. The Pure Symmetry Ladder
Start with the simplest foundation signals:
- 1 Element:
E(·) andT(—) - 2 Elements:
I(··) andM(——) - 3 Elements:
S(···) andO(———) - 4 Elements:
H(····) and0(—————)
2. Opposite Reversal Pairs
Learn letters that are exact mirror reversals of each other:
A(· —) vsN(— ·)W(· — —) vsG(— — ·)U(· · —) vsD(— · ·)K(— · —) vsR(· — ·)B(— · · ·) vsV(· · · —)
The Standard ITU Timing Rules
To ensure signals are decoded unambiguously regardless of transmission speed, the ITU defines strict mathematical ratios based on the length of a single dot unit:
- One Dot: 1 unit of time.
- One Dash: Exactly 3 units of time (equivalent to three dots).
- Intra-Character Space: The silence between elements within the same letter equals 1 unit.
- Inter-Character Space: The silence between letters within a word equals 3 units.
- Word Space: The silence between separate words equals 7 units.
Need to translate live text or decode an incoming audio signal? Use our interactive two-way Morse code converter. For distress signaling, read our complete guide on SOS in Morse Code.
Compatibility & Accessibility Note: All characters in this reference chart use standard Unicode middle dots and hyphens viewable on any device. For screen reader accessibility, tables are formatted with semantic header cells; live audio playback is available in our companion Morse code translator.
Frequently Asked Questions
Standard rules and history of International Morse Code.